F "DEEN WE NEED" --- வகுப்பில்: 2013

Monday, May 6, 2013


QUR’AN IS THE WAY OF LIFE

Allaah the Almighty, started sending down the Glorious Quran to  Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam on the night of Al-Qadr (Decree) ,from Jibreel (alaihisalam),( may Allaah exalt his mention)and conveyed it to people as it was revealed to him from His Lord. The Quran was revealed parts by parts and verses by verses; it was not all sent at once so that it would be easy for Muslims to memorize it.
 It guides all people, regardless of their different colors and languages, to the path of goodness and it leads them to the truth, and to safety and happiness in this world as well as the Hereafter.
The Glorious Quran is relevant for each and every time and place. Allaah sent down the Glorious Quran to Prophet Muhammad and He preserved and protected it against any distortion, change, or alteration. We still recite the Glorious Quran in the same form revealed to our Prophet Muhammad, sallallaahu álayhi wa sallam.
The Glorious Quran contains all the rules, regulations, and guidelines that people need to reform their lives and establish an ideal society based on morals, virtues, justice, and solidarity. The Glorious Quran contains the fundamentals of the Islamic legislations, the pillars of Islam, the lawful and the unlawful, rules of good manners, the history of previous nations, and the stories of the Prophets and their struggle and sacrifice in order to convey the call for monotheism.
Whenever a verse or a chapter was revealed, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would command the scribes of revelation to write it down immediately.
He urged his companions, may Allaah be pleased with them, to learn and memorize it. A number of companions competed in memorizing and learning it.and  they also taught it to others. For example, the revered companion Ubayy Ibn Ka'b, may Allaah be pleased with him, taught a large number of companions .
 The Muslims are still learning the Quran at the hands of Shaykhs and reciters.
Allaah guaranteed that He would preserve the Quran up to the Day of Judgment: Allaah Says (what means): {Verily We It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption).}[Quran 15:9].
 Miracles  in the Holy Quran are many.some are here
There are many authentic narrations that urge a Muslim to learn the Quran.The Prophet,
the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said:
"One who is proficient in the Quran is associated with the noble, upright, recording angels, so beautify the Quran with your voices." [Al-Bukhaari
The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, also said: "The one who recites a letter from Allaah’s Book will be credited with a good deed and a good deed is multiplied ten fold. I do not say that Alif, Laam, Meem is one letter, but Alif is a letter, Laam is a letter, and Meem is a letter. [At-Tirmithi]
Etiquettes of Recitation
A reciter should be entirely pure as far as his/her body, clothes, and location are concerned.
In addition to ritual purity, he should use a Siwak (tooth stick) The etiquettes of recitation include seeking refuge with Allaah from the cursed Shaitan before one starts reciting, i.e. to say "A'oodh Billaahi Minash-Shaytaani Ar-rajeem". Then to say Al-Basmalah, i.e. "Bismillaahi Ar-rahmaani Ar-raheem", at the beginning of the chapter or where one starts. One should stop recitation when yawning, because a reciter is addressing his Lord and yawning is from Satan. One should not interrupt his recitation in order to talk to people except in cases of dire need.
Etiquette of Listening to the Quran
There are some etiquettes pertaining to listening to the Quran as there are etiquettes for reciting it. A Muslim should listen attentively to the Quran, with humbleness, and ponder upon the meanings as Allaah Say (what means):
The Merits of the Glorious Quran
The Glorious Quran has numerous, unparalleled merits. It is the word of Allaah sent down from Heaven to earth. Many verses refer to the merits of the Glorious Quran such as:
"And verily, it is an honorable respected Book (because it is Allaah's Speech, and He has protected it from corruption, etc.). Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise (Allaah)." [Quran: 41:41-42]
In addition to the above verses, there are many Hadeeths that indicate the merit of the Glorious Quran, as well as applying its teachings and reciting it. The Prophet, sallallaahu álayhi wa sallam, said: "Recite the Quran, for on the Day of Resurrection, it will come as an intercessor for those who recite it." (Muslim)
We can get physical as will as spiritual guidance from it me not Only live a good life here but also can have better life later.
In short, the Holy Quran is not only for an individual or nation but also for the whole universe. It is for everyone. It is for believers. It can bring revolution in man’s life. It judges the mankind on the basis of good deeds.
May Allah increase our knowledge of Islam and grant us the best life -- of being true Muslims forever. 
May allah accept our all  good deeds .AmeenAmeen ya rabbal alameen
Assalamu alaikum.


Sunday, May 5, 2013


Du'a is a form of Ibaadat

Dua is the weapon of a believer. It will protect you from the evils of enemies. Du'a is the shield of a believer. It will increase your sustenance. Du'a is more forceful than a sword. Du'a replaces what has been destined and also creates that what has not been destined. Du'a is a form of ibaadat. Du'a removes both the present suffering and that which will come down later. Du'a and sufferings challenge each other until the Day of Judgment, and Du'a comes out victorious. Dua is so powerful that only Dua and nothing other than Du'a itself has the power to create and alter fate!


If God’s servant keeps his mouth shut and does not ask anything from Him, nothing will be given to him. Therefore ask God for what you need so that He will give it to you. Whoever knocks on a door persistently will be allowed in. If you keep on knocking the door of Divine Mercy, sooner or later it will be opened for you.


Never get tired of Du'a, for Allah Ta'ala has attached much value to it. Allah Ta'ala says "Let My servants know that I have the power to grant My servants’ wishes."
If God grants someone a chance of making Du'a, He will not deprive him of answer. A believer’s Du'a will increase his good deeds and rewards him in the Hereafter as his other good deeds are rewarded.


A believer who makes Du'a receives one of three things:
1. Either he will quickly have his Dua answered,
2. or he will get in the Hereafter,
3. or something bad will be prevented from him equal to the value of his Du'a.


Everything has a proper discipline to it, and so does Du'a. Du'as are not answered when requirements of Du'a have not been fulfilled. Whoever obeys Allah’s order and offers his Du'a properly, they will be answered. Praise Allah Almighty. Remember Him and thank Him for His blessings. Send greetings to the Holy Prophet (salAllahu alayhi wa salam). Pray your Salat regularly. Recite Qur’an regurarly. Seek Tauba. Attain Taqwa. That is the right way for Du'a. Du'a which is not made properly does not even ascend towards Allah.
Du'a is a form of Ibaada

It may be that you dislike a thing while it is good for you, and it may be that you love a thing while it is evil for you. At such times, refer to He who knows the best, and that is Allah. Allah knows, while we do not know. So we must make Du'a to Allah, then be patient, have faith in His unquestionable decision and trust His absolute wisdom. Never have this impression that Allah Almighty has opened the door of making Dua but has closed the door of answering it. Sometimes Allah delays answering the Du'a to give a greater reward and a further blessing. What a catastrophe it would be if Allah answered every prayer at the snap of your fingers. Do you know what would happen? Allah would become your servant, not your Master. Suddenly Allah would be working for you, instead of you working for Allah. Remember, Allah's delay is not Allah's denial. Allah's timing is perfect. Patience and trust is needed.


If I were to summarize the whole concept of Du'a into one single statement, it would be this:

Du'a is a form of Ibaadat, such a powerful Ibaadat that it can create and alter Qismat, and that Allah is generous and if His servant raises his hands towards Him, He feels reluc
tant not to accept it

Saturday, April 27, 2013


Fasting

The month of Ramadhaan, which Muslims fast every year, is the best of all months in the sight of Allaah, the Almighty. The Quran was also revealed to our Prophet Mohammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, in laylet al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), which is one of the nights of that great month.
Fasting in Ramadhaan
Fasting in Ramadhaan is obligatory on Muslims; it is one of the five pillars of Islam. Allaah imposed this duty upon Muslims in 2. A.H (624 A.D.).
Allaah says (what means):
"{O believers! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may learn self-restraint} [Quran 2:183].
In obedience to Allaah's command, Muslims abstain from eating and drinking, from dawn to sunset, during Ramadhaan.
Allaah says (what means):
{And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn appears to you. Then complete your fast till the night comes.} [Quran 2:187].
Allaah says (what means):
{Ramadhaan is the month in which was sent down the Quran, as a guide to mankind, also clear (Signs) for guidance and judgment (between right and wrong). So every one of you who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting.}
[Quran 2:185].
Ramadhaan starts when the new moon (crescent) is seen after the sunset of the 29th of Sha'baan. If the new moon does not appear, we complete the month of Sha'baan thirty days. Likewise, Ramadhaan ends with the birth of the new moon of Shawwaal.
The Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) said: "Begin your fast with it's (the moon) sighting, and break it (the fast) with its sighting. If you do not see it due to clouds, continue your fast for thirty days." [Muslim]
Who is required to fast?                         
Fasting is obligatory upon the fulfillment of the following:
Fasting is not obligatory on a disbeliever.
The insane is exempted.
Children are exempted, but they should be trained.
Travelers are exempted.
The sick who cannot endure fasting is exempted.
It is desirable that, as long as they are able, children fast all Ramadhaan or a part of it, so that they get used to fasting.
Those Who are Exempted From Fasting
1              The sick
2              The traveler
3              The elderly who physically unable fasting
4              The pregnant woman or a breast feeding mother who feels that she may cause harm to herself or her baby if she fasts
5              The woman during her menstrual period or post-natal bleeding
The Ruling of Breaking the Fast
If a Muslim breaks his/her fast – due to an excuse such as sickness, traveling, pregnancy or breast feeding – he/she must make up for every day he/she misses as soon the situation changes. This is called Qadhaa' (compensation).
But if someone cannot make up the days he/she misses – such as an elderly or the patient suffering from an incurable chronical disease that prevents him for fasting he/she must provide an indigent with a meal similar to that which one usually eats himself meal for every day they break the fast.
Acts Nullifying Fast
- Eating or drinking intentionally during daytime.
- Deliberate vomiting.
Acts Permitted During Fasting
- Having a shower.
- Rinsing the nose and mouth with water without exaggeration so it does not reach the stomach.
- Applying eye-drops.
Sunnah Acts and Etiquettes of Fasting
- Having the pre-dawn meal (sahar): It strengthens the Muslim, provides him with energy and eases the burden of fast. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said: "Take a preـdawn meal because there is a blessing in it." [Al-Bukhaari].
It is desirable to have the pre-dawn meal as late before dawn as possible.
- Supplication when breaking the fast: When breaking the fast, one should say the same words that the Prophet himself (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) used to say: "O Allaah, for You I fasted and with Your sustenance I have broken the fast" [Abu Daawood].
- Frequent recitation of the Quran: During Ramadhaan, one should increase the performance of acts like the recitation of the Quran, mentioning Allaah, supplicating Him, giving charity ...etc.
- Maintaining relationships with relatives: During Ramadhaan, one should visit his relatives and be kind to them. - Giving charity to the poor
- Shunning backbiting, tale baring, lies and obscene language
- Hastening to break the fast: It is recommended to hasten to break your fast as soon as the sun sets. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said: "My nation will continue to be upon virtue as long as they hasten in breaking the fast."
 [AlـBukhaari]
- Avoiding whatever causes Allaah's Wrath: One should neither speak words nor commit acts that do not conform with the etiquette of fasting. A Muslim should neither abuse nor insult others, nor should he involve into arguments with them.
The Virtues of Fasting
The following are some of the many virtues of fasting:
-The Gates of Paradise are opened during Ramadhaan, while the Gates of Hell are closed.
-Whoever observes fast during the month of Ramadhaan out of sincere faith, hoping to attain Allaah's rewards, then all his past sins will be forgiven.
-The invocation of the fasting Muslim is accepted. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said: "There are three people whose supplications are answered: the fasting person until he breaks his fast…" [At-Tirmithi]
The Benefits of Fasting
1 It teaches patience
2 It strengthens the body and cures some diseases
3 It comforts the stomach.
4 It teaches us how to be merciful and compassionate with the poor.
5 It teaches us to organize our eating and drinking habits
6 It increases our good deeds.
Taraaweeh (Optional Night) Prayer
This is a prayer performed every night of Ramadhaan after 'Ishaa' (the night prayer). The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, urged the Muslims to perform it, saying:
" He who observes prayer at night during Ramadhaan, out of faith and hoping for reward from Allaah; his previous sins would be forgiven." [Al-Bukhaari]
Zakaatul-Fitr (Charity on breaking the fast)
It is obligatory on every Muslim, young or old, male or female who can afford it for himself and his/her dependants.
It is to be given before the `Eed prayer, otherwise it is considered an ordinary charity rather than Zakaatul-Fitr.
The Recipients of Zakaatul-Fitr
This is to be given to the poor and the needy to make them happy on the `Eed, and to spread love and compassion among Muslims.
Laylat Al-Qadr (The Night of Decree)
It is one of the odd numbered nights of the last ten nights of Ramadhaan. It is the best night of the entire year. During the last ten nights of Ramadhaan, the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, exerted his best efforts in worship and mention of Allaah.
It is desirable to spend this night in prayer, mention of Allaah, worship, asking for forgiveness and invocation. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, exhorted the Muslims to observe acts of worship during it as he said: "He who observed prayer on Laylat Al-Qadr out of faith and seeks reward from Allaah, all his previous sins would be forgiven." [Muslim]

May Allah accept our fasting, forgive our sins, and guide us all to the Straight Path. May Allah bless us all during Ramadan, and throughout the year, with His forgiveness, mercy, and peace, and bring us all closer to Him and to each other.AMEEN
 ASSALAMU ALAIKUM
Zakaath

Zakaath is the third pillar of Islam. Due to its great importance, it has been coupled with Salaah (prayer) in many places in the Quran. In most places where Muslims are enjoined to perform Salaah, they are also commanded to pay Zakaah. Allaah said (what means):
"And perform As-Salaah (prayer), and give Zakaah, and whatever of good (deeds that Allaah loves) you send forth for yourselves before you, you shall find it with Allaah. Certainly, Allaah is All-Seer of what you do."
 [Quran 2:110]
Allaah ordered the Muslims to pay Zakaah to the poor. If the rich sincerely paid their Zakaah, they will be obedient to Allaah and would deserve to be rewarded. Yet, if they did not, they would be sinners and deserve punishment in this world as well as in the Hereafter.
Allaah enjoined Zakaah on the rich in order to purify their souls from miserliness and to train them to spend their money in the way of Allaah. As well as this, Zakaah purifies the hearts of the poor from harboring feelings such as envy and malice towards the rich. In this way Zakaah strengthens the ties of brotherhood between the Muslims, creates a feeling of mutual love between the poor and the rich, and colors the society with solidarity.
Allaah blesses the money of the Zakaah payer in this world and guides him to the best ways to increase and invest it. In addition, Allaah stores for him the best and greatest of rewards in the Hereafter.
Property on which Zakaah is due:
Gold, silver, trade goods, plants, fruit, and cattle including camels, cows, and sheep.
Islam defined eight channels as mentioned in the following verse (which means):
"As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakaah) are only for the poor,
 and the needy
 and those employed to collect (the funds); 
and for to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam);
 and to free the captives;
 and for those in debt; 
and for Allaah's Cause (i.e. for Mujahidun - those fighting in Allah cause), 
and for the wayfarer (a traveler who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allaah. And Allaah is All-Knower, All-Wise." [Quran 9:60]
The eight channels are:
1.The poor They do not have money and at the same time they do not have the ability to earn their living, or they may have insufficient money that does not fulfill their basic needs.
2.The needy They have better conditions than the poor but they do not have enough money to support their basic needs.
3.Those employed to collect Zakaah They are the employees charged to collect Zakaah, guard and distribute it.
4.To attract the hearts of those who have been inclined towards Islam They are a group of people given – according to the sole discretion of the ruler as he considers beneficial to the Muslim society – a share of Zakaah in order to attract them to embrace Islam or help them adhere to Islam.
5.To free slaves Zakaah is paid in order to free slaves by buying them and releasing them from bondage. This points out that Islam preceded all other systems in eliminating slavery. Nowadays, this share could be used in ransoming prisoners of war.
6.Debtors They are indebted people who do not have enough money to pay their debts.
7.For Allaah's Cause It refers to expenditures on Jihaad, invasions, Mujaahideen, and weaponry.
8.The wayfarer He is a foreign traveler who does not have money.

Friday, March 22, 2013

அல்-குர்ஆன்

இது உலக மக்கள் அனைவருக்காகவும் இறக்கி அருளப்பட்டதாகும்.இது அல்லாஹ் உடைய வேதமாகும் அதில் எந்த சந்தேகமும் இல்லைஇதுவே இறுதி வேதமாகும்.இதை அல்லாஹ்  லைலத்துல் கத்ர் என்ற புனிதமிக்க இரவில் இறக்கிவைத்தான்.வானவர் ஜிப்ரயில்(அலைஹி)  மூலம் இதை  படிப்படியாக,ஒவ்வொரு வசனங்களாக இறக்கிவைத்தான்.

இன்றுவரை எந்த விதமான மாற்றங்கள்  இடைச் செருகல்கள் இல்லாமல் மக்களின் உள்ளங்களிலும்எழுத்து வடிவிலும் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டு வரும் இறை வேதமாகும்அன்று குரைஷிக் காஃபிர்கள் அல்குர் ஆனை அழித்திட-மறைத்திட-எரித்திட எத்தனையோ முயற்சிகள் செய்தனர்இறுதியில் முடியாது தோற்றுப்போய் பணிந்தனர்.போட்டி மறை ஈட்டிடுவோம் என சவாலிட்டவரிடம்ஓரே ஓரு வசனத்தையாவது கொண்டு  வாருங்கள் என்றும் அல்குர்ஆன் கேட்டது. திருமறையின் இந்தஅறைகூவல் அன்று மட்டுமல்ல 1400 ஆண்டுகளாக இன்று வரை இந்த உலகத்தாரை நோக்கி விடுக்கப்பட்டுக் கொண்டே வருகிறது. இதுவரை எவரும் முன்வரவுமில்லைஇனியும், ஏன் இறுதி நாள் வரையும் எவராலும் உருவாக்கிடவும் முடியாது.

அல்குர்ஆன் இறைவனால் அருளப்பட்டது தான் என்பதற்கு மேலும் பல வரலாற்றுச் சான்றுகள் அதிலே மின்னிக்கொண்டிருக்கின்றனஅதில் ஒரு சிலவற்றைக் கூறுகிறேன்


1.நூஹ் நபியின் கப்பல்


2.ஃபிர்அவ்னின் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட சடலம்.


3.ஆது,தமூது சமூகத்தினரின் குகை இல்லங்கள்



4.ஸபா நாட்டுத் தோட்டங்கள்


அல்லாஹ்தஆலா மனிதர்களுக்கு வழங்கியுள்ள அருட்கொடைகளில் மிகப் பெரிய அருட்கொடயாக இருப்பது திருக்குரானாகும்.அதை ஓதுபவர்களுக்கு அல்லாஹ் பல சிறப்புக்களையும் வழங்கியுள்ளான்.அதாவது


*நீங்கள் குர்ஆனை ஓதுங்கள், நிச்சயமாக அது நாளை மறுமையில் அதை ஓதியவருக்கு பரிந்துரை செய்யும் என நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள். (ஆதாரம்: முஸ்லிம்)



*குர்ஆனை ஓதி அதன்படி அமல் செய்தவரையும், குர்ஆனையும் மறுமை நாளையில் கொண்டு வரப்படும், குர்ஆனின் இரண்டு சூராக்கள் அல்பகரா, ஆல இம்ரான் முன் வந்து அந்த இரண்டையும் ஓதியவருக்காக அல்லாஹ்விடத்தில் வதாடும் என நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள். (ஆதாரம்: முஸ்லிம்)


*உங்களில் சிறந்தவர், குர்ஆனைக் கற்று அதை பிறருக்கு கற்றுக் கொடுத்தவர் என நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள் (ஆதாரம்: புகாரி)


*குர்ஆனை உரிய முறையில் ஓதி அதன்படி செயல்பட்டவர்கள் நாளை மறுமையில் சங்கையான உயர்ந்த மலக்குகளுடன் இருப்பார்
கஷ்டப்பட்டு திக்கித் திக்கி ஓதுபவருக்கு இரண்டு மடங்கு கூலி கிடைக்கும் என நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள். (ஆதாரம்: புகாரி, முஸ்லிம்)


*அல்லாஹ்வுடைய வேதமாகிய குர்ஆனிலிருந்து யார் ஒரு எழுத்தை ஓதுகின்றாரோ, அவருக்கு ஒரு நன்மை கிடைக்கும். ஒரு நன்மை செய்தால், அதை பத்து மடங்காக்கப்படும்.(ஆதாரம்: திர்மிதி)

எவருடைய உள்ளத்தில் குர்ஆனில் கொஞ்சம் கூட மனனம் இல்லையோ அவருடைய உள்ளம் பாழடைந்த வீட்டைப் போல் என நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள் (ஆதாரம்: திர்மிதி)


*இது முழு மனித சமூகத்துக்கும் உரிய வாழ்க்கை வழிகாட்டி நூலாகும்.


*முன்னைய இறை வேதங்களின் அடிப்படைகளையும் உள்ளடக்கிய பூரண வாழ்க்கைத் திட்டமாகும் : (அத்தி : 42 , வசனம் 13) 

*மிகைக்க முடியாத சவால்களுடன் வந்த அற்புதமான வேத நூலாகும்!


இவ்வுலகில் வாழும் அனைவரும் ஒரு நல்ல உதாரணமாக இருப்பதற்குத்தான் விரும்புவார்கள்இப்படி எல்லோருமே விரும்பக்கூடிய ஒரு நல்ல உதாரணத்தைப் பெற வேண்டும் என்றால் இந்தக் குர்ஆனை ஓதுவதன் மூலமே இந்தச் சிறப்பைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும்


இதில் பல அத்தாட்சிகளையும் நமக்கு விளக்கியுள்ளான்.


அறிவியல்வாழ்க்கை சட்டம்,நல்ல பண்புகள்,உலகம் தோன்றிய வரலாறு,மறுமை நாள் என்று பல விஷயங்களை அல்லாஹ் இந்த குரான் மூலம் நமக்கு கற்றுதருகிரான்.இந்த குரானை நாம் பேணிப்பாதுகாக்கவேண்டும்.அதற்காக பெட்டியில் வைத்து பூட்டுவதுஅல்லஇதை  நன்றாக ஓதி நாமும் விளங்கிமற்றவர்களுக்கும் எடுத்துசொல்லவேண்டும்.இதில் நமக்கு பல படிப்பினைகள் இருக்கிறது.
அல்லாஹ் நமக்கு அச்சமூட்டி எச்சரிக்கை செய்பதற்காகவே இந்த ‘குரானை’ நம் மீது இறக்கியுள்ளான்.ஆனால் நாம் உண்மையிலேயே அச்சப்படுகிறோமா..?சற்றுசிந்திப்போம்.

ஆனால் அல்லாஹ் சொல்கிறான் இதை நாம் ஒரு மலையின் மீது இறக்கியிருந்தால் அது அல்லாஹ் வின் அச்சத்தால் பிளந்து போய்விடும் என்று …அப்படி என்றால் ஆறு அறிவு படைத்தமனிதன்,சிந்துத்து செயல் படும் மனிதன் எவ்வாறு அஞ்சவேண்டும் என்பதை  அல்லாஹ்  நமக்கு சுட்டிக்காட்டியுள்ளான்.



ஆகவே நாம் இந்த குரானை உள்ளச்சத்தோடு ஓதி இம்மையிலும் மறுமையிலும் வெற்றிபெற அல்லாஹ் அருள்புரிவானாக….ஆமீன்